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A credit score or credit bureau risk score is based on information drawn
from your credit report. About 30 individual factors are used to determine
the score. Certain factors, such as payment history, have more weight than
others, such as the length of your credit history. However, a factor may be
more important to your credit score than to someone else's score because of
differences in individuals' credit reports. Also, each factor's importance
can change as your credit report changes. Factors can be categorized in five
areas:
Payment history. Payment information on credit cards, installment loans
(such as a car loan), mortgage loans or finance company accounts. Are there
public record items, such as judgments or bankruptcy, and collection items?
Details on late or missed payments, including how much was owed, how late
the payments were and how recently they occurred. How many accounts show no
late payments. According to Fair Isaac, this category usually determines
about 35% of your score.
Outstanding debt. Amount owed on all accounts and on different types of
accounts, such as credit cards or installment loans. How many accounts have
balances? How close are you to each credit limit? According to Fair Isaac,
this category usually determines about 30% of your score.
Credit history. How long have you been building a credit history? How long
specific accounts have been established and how long since you used each
account? According to Fair Isaac, this category usually determines about 15%
of your score.
Pursuit of new credit. How many inquiries and new accounts does your report
show, and how recent are they? How long has it been since the most recent
inquiry? Whether you have made on-time payments to re-build your credit
after a period of frequent late payments. According to Fair Isaac, this
category usually determines about 10% of your score.
Types of credit in use. How many accounts are reported for bank cards,
travel and entertainment cards, department store cards, installment loans,
and so on. According to Fair Isaac, this category usually determines about
10% of your score.
Also informative is the list of "reasons" that may be provided to account
for why a score isn't higher. When lenders request your credit score, they
also receive a list of the four most significant reasons your score is not
higher. Although lenders do not have to tell you your score, they should
share the reasons listed on the report with you.
The possible FICO reasons are:
Amount owed on accounts is too high.
Delinquency on accounts.
Too few bank revolving accounts.
Too many bank or national revolving accounts.
Too many accounts with balances.
Consumer finance accounts.
Account payment history too new to rate.
Too many recent inquiries in the last 12 months.
Too many accounts opened in the last 12 months.
Proportion of balances to credit limits is too high on revolving accounts.
Amount owed on revolving accounts is too high.
Length of revolving credit history is too short.
Time since delinquency is too recent or unknown.
Length of credit history is too short.
Lack of recent bank revolving information.
Lack of recent revolving account information.
No recent non-mortgage balance information.
Number of accounts with delinquency.
Too few accounts currently paid as agreed.
Time since derogatory public record or collection.
Amount past due on accounts.
Serious delinquency, derogatory public record, or collection.
Too many bank or national revolving accounts with balances.
No recent revolving balances.
Proportion of loan balances to loan amounts is too high.
Lack of recent installment loan information.
Date of last inquiry too recent.
Time since most recent account opening too short.
Number of revolving accounts.
Number of bank revolving or other revolving accounts.
Number of established accounts.
No recent bankcard balances.
Too few accounts with recent payment information.
Keep in mind that your credit report changes day to day as you make payments
or increase balances. If you pay off your credit cards in full every month
but your credit score is compiled before your payments are reported to the
credit bureau, your score will reflect those balances. Generally, the total
balance on your last statement is the amount shown on your credit report.